Steps to write a persuasive essay
Monday, August 24, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
A Line in the Sand - Original Writing :: Papers
A Line in the Sand - Original Writing A line. A basic, one-dimensional imprint. It might be the edge of a square, the briefest separation between two focuses, or markings on the street. Lines, men of their word, are exhausting yet helpful instruments throughout everyday life. Isn't that so? Wrong! There is one line I might want to delineate for you. In the event that you were seen venturing over this line, it would bring about your demise on the detect, no inquiries posed. This is a line attracted the sand. This line has caused the biggest populace development at any point saw by mankind. Endless supply of this line, 3.5 million individuals needed to move from one side and 5 million from the other. There are gauges that more that 20 million individuals were left destitute after the development of this line. Who said lines were exhausting, not me! Be that as it may, it runs further than that. In addition to the fact that people had to move, more than one million individuals were butchered on the development of this line. The situating of this line has been the reason for three wars: three ridiculous fierce wars. Presently would i be able to ask you, who justified brain would make such a line as this? They would need to be powerful brutal to draw a line that would execute a million people. Be that as it may, in the end, all they had done, was to attract a line the sand, only a line in sandâ⬠¦nothing more, not all that much So where do you think this line is? Among Israel and Palestineâ⬠¦no Among North and South Koreaâ⬠¦no. Between the previous north and South Vietnam,â⬠¦wrong once more. The line, noble men was attracted the condition of Punjab, in 1947, in what was then unified British India. The line made and isolated Pakistan from India. Old India, which gave us current numbering framework, which gave us steel, which gave us medical procedure, was annihilated by a line in the sand. Culture and civilisations spreading over a large number of years were part separated by a line in the sand. A nation was shatteredâ⬠¦.shattered by a line in the sand. Fifty-five years on and the exchange of put-down from pioneer to pioneer
Thursday, July 16, 2020
An Overview of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
An Overview of Generalized Anxiety Disorder August 20, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Who Gets GAD Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Causes and Risk Factors Treatment Coping In Children For Loved Ones Anxiety disorders are a class of mental disorders that distinguish themselves from other problems with two key features: fear and anxiety. Fear is an emotion experienced in response to an imminent threat (real or imagined). Anxiety, on the other hand, is an emotional state experienced in anticipation of a potential future threat.?? Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)â"despite its nameâ"is a specific type of anxiety disorder. The hallmark feature of GAD is persistent, excessive, and intrusive worry.?? Verywell / Cindy Chung Who Gets GAD Though the median age of onset is 30 years, later than that of other anxiety disorders, GAD can occur at any point in the life cycle.?? Women are about twice as likely to develop GAD in their lifetime as men. GAD is among the three most common psychiatric problems in youngsters (alongside separation anxiety and social anxiety disorders). Early onset anxiety disorders can put children and teens at greater risk for a range of other psychological issues in adulthood.?? However, early detection and intervention can result in significant or full remission of symptoms and may protect against the development of other problems later in life.?? GAD is also the most commonly occurring anxiety disorder in older adults. New onset GAD in older adults is commonly related to co-occurring depression. In this age group, GAD has historically likely been underdiagnosed and undertreated for a number of reasons.?? However, as the field of geriatric psychiatry grows, so too does research about GAD in older adults and its treatment (including ways to overcome typical barriers to mental health care).?? Signs and Symptoms To meet formalized diagnostic criteria for GAD, excessive anxiety and worry must be present most of the day more days than not for at least six months.?? Features of excessive worry include:?? worry even when there is nothing wrongworry about a perceived threat in a manner that is disproportionate to the actual riskworrying about something for the majority of your waking hoursasking others for reassurance about your specific concern, but continuing to worry anywaysworry that shifts from one topic to another Worries may manifest differently in adults versus children, but in both cases, they tend to be about typical life circumstances or stressors (e.g. health issues, financial matters, starting a new school or job). For people with GAD, the worry is very difficult to control and is associated with multiple physical or cognitive symptoms such as:?? restlessness or edginessfatiguepoor concentration (sometimes with memory problems)irritability (sometimes observable to others)muscle tension or sorenessimpaired sleep Many people with GAD also experience other uncomfortable markers of prolonged anxiety, including sweating, stomach upset, or migraine headaches. Symptoms Throughout Life People with GAD will often describe themselves as feeling anxious or on edge for most of their lives. The expression of symptoms appears consistent across age groups. However, the content of the worry does tend to change across the lifespan.?? Younger individuals may worry more about school and performance,?? while older people focus more on physical health, finances, and familyâs well-being.?? For those meeting the threshold of the formal diagnosis, symptoms tend to be chronic but wax and wane between full- and sub-threshold forms of the disorder across the lifespan.?? Though remission rates are low overall, GAD symptoms are known to improve substantially when treated either with psychotherapy or medication. Treatment can provide the tools necessary to help individuals with GAD successfully navigate subsequent periods of high stress and transition. Diagnosis GAD can be challenging to accurately identify because anxiety is an emotional state that everyone experiences from time to time in response to the stresses of everyday life.?? In fact, moderate anxiety can be quite helpful in a range of waysâ"for example, providing us with motivation to get things done or to respond to actual threats to our safety if they occur. The diagnosis of GAD occurs, however, when anxiety crosses a threshold of excessiveness and stays there for extended periods of time. The anxiety, worry, or other symptoms make it extremely challenging for an individual to fulfill responsibilities on a daily basis.?? This can result in a strain in personal relationships or problems at work or school. GAD is typically diagnosed by a mental health professional or a physician. During an evaluation, the clinician will ask you about your symptoms and may use clinical judgment or standardized assessment tools to make a diagnosis. You may be asked to undergo or provide records from a physical exam by a medical doctor to ensure that physical and cognitive symptoms are unrelated to other medical problems.?? Speaking openly with your provider is criticalâ"itâs simply the best and fastest way to arrive at an appropriate treatment plan and get some relief from your symptoms. As part of a thorough evaluation, your clinician will ask a range of questions about symptoms or behaviors that may or may not apply to you. This might include questions about your mood, eating behavior, substance use, or history of trauma. Your answers will help your healthcare provider to rule out other psychiatric problems or decide that your symptoms are better explained by a different diagnosis. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Newly Diagnosed Receiving a diagnosis of GADâ"or any psychiatric disorderâ"is an important step towards feeling better because diagnoses are used to guide treatment recommendations. Participate actively in a discussion with the diagnosing clinician to understand your treatment options and evaluate the best place to start.?? If you are considering psychotherapy as a first-line treatment, educate yourself about evidence-based approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy?? and acceptance and commitment therapy and about what you can (and cannot) expect from the talk therapy process overall. If you are interested in a trial of a medication to treat your GAD symptoms, talk with your prescriber to decide about the options. He or she will help you to evaluate the relative risks and benefits of taking a new medicine in light of your particular medical and psychiatric history.?? Differential Diagnosis It is not uncommon for individuals with GAD to meet criteria for another psychiatric diagnosis in the course of their lifetime. If multiple disorders occur simultaneously they are referred to as comorbid conditions.?? The most commonly co-occurring disorder with GAD is depression. However, a substantial subset of individuals struggles with co-occurring GAD and other anxiety disorders.?? Your psychiatrist will be able to accurately differentiate between the conditions and treat each appropriately. How Is Generalized Anxiety Disorder Diagnosed Using the DSM-5? Causes and Risk Factors Like many other psychiatric disorders, GAD is thought to emerge in the context of particular biological and environmental factors. A key biological factor is a genetic vulnerability. It is estimated that one-third of the risk of experiencing GAD is genetic, but genetic factors may overlap with other anxiety and mood disorders (particularly major depression).?? Temperament is another associated factor with GAD. Temperament refers to personality traits that are often regarded as innate (and therefore might be biologically mediated).?? Temperamental characteristics known to be associated with GAD include harm avoidance, neuroticism (or the tendency to be in a negative emotional state), and behavioral inhibition. No specific environmental factors have been identified as specific or necessary to cause GAD. However, environmental features associated with GAD include (but are not limited to):?? observation of constant worrying by family membersoverprotective parentsmodeling of dealing with stress in an anxious mannerexposure to an unsafe setting (including trauma)periods of prolonged stress Again, no one factorâ"biological or environmentalâ"is understood to cause GAD. Rather, the disorder is thought to result from a perfect storm of environmental stressors that occur in an individual with a genetic predisposition for anxiety.?? What Could Cause Generalized Anxiety Disorder? Treatment Treatment for GAD typically falls into one of three categories: medication, psychotherapy, and self-help. The goals of any treatment are to help people with the disorder feel better physically and mentally and to make it more possible to fully engage in relationships, at work or school, or in other situations for which the worry previously seemed paralyzing.?? Treatment research is ongoing and encouraging, particularly with regards to the helpfulness of approaches like yoga and mindfulness.?? Because anxiety is a natural part of the human experience and treatments for GAD appear to offer far-reaching benefits on day-to-day functioning, even people with low-grade anxiety may benefit from treatment. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups Coping People with GAD have to cope with a variety of physical, behavioral, and emotional symptoms on a day-to-day basis. There are proven strategies to target each. Social coping strategies, for example, involve talking to someone and recruiting support, while emotional coping strategies like mindfulness and learning triggers can help quell intrusive thoughts and overwhelm.?? Every person has a unique situation, and not every strategy will work for everyone. Part of coping involves determining which strategy works best and optimizing it to get the most from it. How to Live Well With Generalized Anxiety Disorder In Children While there is no specific known cause, kids in challenging life situations from an early age are at higher risk, and factors like puberty exacerbate the situation.?? Up to 10% of children cope with anxiety disorders like GAD. A proper diagnosis can lead to proper treatment and strategies thatll help the child cope with the disorder throughout their entire life. Parents and caregivers also play a vital role in being able to recognize symptoms and seek help when needed. Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children For Loved Ones Living with someone living with anxiety has its challenges, but there are several ways that you can help including learning about the problem, discouraging avoidance, limiting reassurance-seeking behavior, and championing successes large and small. If you have an anxious child or teen, review some of the unique aspects of helping youngsters with GAD.?? There will, of course, be limits to the ways in which you can be helpful to your loved one with GAD. This is when it is especially useful for your loved one to use the treatment resources (i.e., clinicians) available to them. If your loved one is reluctant to seek treatment for anxiety, or unaware of the severity of the problem, look for a quiet moment to have a nonjudgmental conversation about how treatment might be a way to feel better, faster. A Word From Verywell The challenge of GAD is that anxiety is a ubiquitous (and often helpful) emotion, and so it can be difficult to know when the worry has crossed the line to âtoo much.â However, if worry is persistent, uncontrollable, and associated with physical symptoms of anxiety, it is worth seeking consultation with a mental health professional to see whatâs what, and to learn new ways of coping with stressors of any magnitude. How Is Generalized Anxiety Disorder Diagnosed Using the DSM-5?
Thursday, May 21, 2020
The Importance Of A Early Brain Development Essay
Successful early brain development is essential to many future aspects of positive physical and mental health. The community context I have chosen to analyse for this topic is a local residential college for university students in a metropolitan setting, established in 1952. Much of what I discuss will be derived from personal observations and statements or statistics collated by the Dean . 168 students (89 females and 79 males) approximately aged from 17 to 26 years of age, each from differing backgrounds reside in this community. 16% of residents are international whilst 42% originate from interstate and approximately 20% speak native languages other than English. The college is operated by, foremost the Principal and the Dean who both live on site with their families; also there is a college board, alumni and various other staff (administration, cleaning, cooking and maintenance staff) who all contribute to operating the college environment. Three ââ¬Ëteamsââ¬â¢ exist in the college: the Academic Team (tutors for students), the Residential Advisory Team (senior students responsible for new studentsââ¬â¢ transitioning and general wellbeing), and the College Club (largely responsible for social events). Most of the students have moved to the college from country towns to gain access to tertiary education, whilst others flock from locations all over Australia and internationally to study their chosen university degrees. The college is proud of its welcoming, multicultural community.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Importance of Early Childhood Cognitive Development786 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Importance of Early Childhood Cognitive Development America has many programs for graduating students that are involved with education and children. While any college student can appreciate education, I suspect that few understand the importance of early childhood development. Having committed to apply for a position in Teach for America, I want to better understand why it is so important to get em while theyre young. In 2001, the US Department of Education, Academy of the SciencesRead MorePoverty Influences Children s Early Brain Development1521 Words à |à 7 PagesPoverty Influences Childrenââ¬â¢s Early Brain Development Children have been the topic of many research studies and debates throughout history. Scientists, educators, social workers and teachers have debated the importance of nature and nurture in children s development. Our ideas of children are shaped greatly by the portrayal of children through media. Producers, journalists, and writers have the power to either portray children as passive or active agents in their development of social, academic and lifeRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Is The Most Rapid Period Of Development960 Words à |à 4 PagesAfter doing a little research I have come to the conclusion that Early Childhood Education is the most rapid period of development in a human brain. The years from conception through birth to eight years of age critical to the complete and healthy cognitive, emotional and physical growth of children. The brain is part of the central nervous system, and plays a decisive role in controlling many bodily functions, including both voluntary activities such as walking or speaking and involuntary onesRead MoreThe Importance Of A Child Brain Development933 Words à |à 4 Pagesknowledgeable discussion on the importance of child brain development. Ms. Kees is proficient in the field, working with a non-profit organization that provides educational resources for adolescences and teenagers with mental and learning disabilities. I felt Ms. Kees would be a great fit for my interview because she constructs learning plans for individuals who were neglected an educational environment at an early age. Ms. Kees is experienced in early childhood development and has worked consistentlyRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Development853 Words à |à 4 PagesDuring this class, we have discussed many topics from the importance of Early Childhood Education, through all of the developmental stages an d into the roots of behavioral issues. Iââ¬â¢d have to say out of all the topics, the importance of Early Childhood Education and how children develop and learn from week 2 is what has stuck out the most to me. I have even found myself explaining the importance to friends, with information I have learned from this course. For example, in a recent conversationRead MoreEarly Brain Development and Learning1582 Words à |à 7 PagesIt is not commonly known that the brain is 90% developed by age five. Most people believe that at age five children are just starting to learn. In fact, the brain absorbs more from birth to age five rather than from age five on. Parents and family can do many things to aid in the development of a babyââ¬â¢s brain, ultimately assisting in their learning. The sequence and rate at which the brain develops predicts the optimal times for a baby to learn. Sequence and rate is measured by milestones that aRead MoreIntegration Of Arts And The Arts798 Words à |à 4 PagesIntegration of Arts Paper The incorporation of music, movement, and the arts is critical to a young childââ¬â¢s learning, growth and development. Each of these creative arts allow children to make meaningful connections and retain the information being taught in the classroom. It also allows for children to focus more in the classroom and it improve their behavior as well. Multiple intelligences also play a role in music, movement, and the arts. By using these creative arts in the classroom, educatorsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Understanding Of The Developing Brain1706 Words à |à 7 PagesDiscuss ways in which modern (post 1950) neuroscientific research has had an impact on our understanding of the developing brain. Early stages of embryonic progression show how the human brain and nervous system start to occur at three weeks from contraception, with the closing of the neural tube and By four weeks, major sections of the brain can be distinguished in a simple form, including the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain divisions and optic vesicle, where the eye matures from. (Brainfacts.orgRead MoreNature Of Nature And Nurture906 Words à |à 4 Pagesdifferent stages in development. Children began to crawl then walk and then talk and you donââ¬â¢t see a child talking in full sentences before the child can walk. Children develop at different rates, but they go through the same stage for the most part. The brain is so complex. Teachers and parents play a huge role in someoneââ¬â¢s life. Parents and teachers are pushing and helping children grow mentally. On page 34 in chapter two is says ââ¬Å"supporting brain development studies of the brain indicate that stimulatingRead MoreChildhood Development E ssay946 Words à |à 4 PagesChildhood begins a new era of development, one that is filled with exploration and a new understanding of the world. Children are finally beginning to understand aspects of their environment that they were unable to comprehend during infancy. While development during childhood occurs less rapidly than that which is experienced during infancy, there are still many major changes that children go through during this time. During childhood, children experience physical and cognitive growth, create new
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Southwest Airlines. Thesis Statement Southwest Airlines
Southwest Airlines Thesis Statement: Southwest Airlines have never made promises it could not keep and considering its history makes it obvious. One of the strengths, which in my opinion emphasizes the company s characteristics best, is the explanation of the organization by its employees, as a whole. Introduction A half a century ago, Rollin King and Herb Kelleher decided to join together and to start a different sort of airline. So, in 1967 South West Airlines was started. However, the companyââ¬â¢s name at the time was Air Southwest and then subsequently changed to South West Airlines as it progressed. In 1971 it started operating as an interstate airline within Texas. Moreover, the expansion of the flight began in 1975, to cities allâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¯ ¶How the Company Uses Effective Change Management Tools. ï ¶How They Develop High-Performing Teams. ï ¶How The Company Manages Conflict. Southwest airline views their meaning as connecting people with whatââ¬â¢s really important to them. They donââ¬â¢t just look at themselves as carriers or transporters of people, but as ones who help people get to people or places they care about in distant places. However, this may be perceived as a small distinction, still it may make a huge difference in how important an employee realizes and understands his/her job. Furthermore, the company has a strong, understandable intention linked emotionally with employees, it engages with. Southwest Airlines hire the right talent. The important thing that the company thinks is that they hire people who are a perfect fit in their surroundings/environment, as they wanted the each and every employee to take part in all discussions and their 100% contribution in the growth of the company, as well as, its improvement. The key steps the company focused on were more than just skills, so they hired the people who had the attitude to improve on. Furthermore, there was always a strict hiring process, in order to, choose the best candidates for the job who and meet the companyââ¬â¢s criteria and requirements, and on that grounds peer hiring process was shaped and formed for hiring the ideal person, who possess intelligence,Show MoreRelatedSouthwest Airlines Case Analysis Essay4607 Words à |à 19 PagesSouthwest History 1966: Rollin King marched into Herb Kelleherââ¬â¢s law office with a plan to start a low-cost/low-fare airline that would shuttle passengers between San Antonio, Dallas, and Houston. 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Unions in Canada Free Essays
Abstract Unions have been struggling in Canadaââ¬â¢s current economy. The rate of workers joining unions is on a downward slide, noticeably so in the public sector, despite the fact the unions helped to stabilize and grow the economy in the past. Due to the current economic turmoil, unions have had to resort to strategies that will allow them to lower operating costs and compete with global competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Unions in Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although unions are facing difficulties, they are still of benefit to workers. History of Unions in Canada and their Effects on the Economy Unions have been apart of Canadian history since the early 1800ââ¬â¢s. Records show tradesmen in the Maritimes having unions during the war of 1812 despite such organizations not being legalized in Canada until 1872 (Maple Leaf Web). Approximately 31% of all workers in Canada belong to unions (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada)(Canadian Labour Congress). The public sector ââ¬â including schools, hospitals, and crown corporations ââ¬â have a unionization rate of 71%, while in the private sector the rate is 16% and falling (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 2012). Historians have credited the growth in Canadaââ¬â¢s middle-class to unions because they offered higher wages and job security, which allowed for members to have extra income to spend on commodities such houses, clothing, cars, etcetera. This increased the demand for those items, and helped grow and stabilize the economy (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada). Although unions were of benefit in the past, membership has been on a 30-year decline (Figure 1) and the usefulness of such organizations has come into question due to unionized workers pay and benefits lagging behind workers who are non-unionized (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 2012). This report will cover the history of unions in Canada, and their impact on the Canadian economy. The factors covered suggest that unions are still of benefit at the present. History of Unions in Canada The Canadian union movement was influenced by Britain and the United States (Class Net)(Maple Leaf Web). British tradesmen brought over the tradition of the organizations and caused several British unions to open branches in Canada. However, unions werenââ¬â¢t legalized in Canada until 1872 after the Toronto Printersââ¬â¢ Strike (workers were protesting for nine-hour work days), and the first national labour organization was the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada (TLC), which was formed in 1873 (Maple Leaf Web). Early legislation of unions was derived from the British structure, while the current legislation has been developed from post-World War 2 United States unions (Class Net). Members have historically been those in the trades ââ¬â electricians, miners, construction workers, etc -, nursing, teaching, journalism, artistic fields, and athletics (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada). Unions and the Economy In the past unions helped stabilize and grow the economy by decreasing the divide between rich and poor. In current economic times, unionization rates have fallen (Figure 1) causing the pay difference between unionized and non-unionized workers to grow (Figure 2) (Mine Mill 598). This has resulted in workers not having the excess income to spend to help the economy recover, or the money to pay extra taxes to support public services such as schools, roads, and health care. Despite this difference, United Food and Commercial Workers Canada (UFCW) has stated that even workers who have never belonged to a union have benefited by their existence, and that Canada is one of the top five most prosperous countries in the world because of them (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada). The Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) states that union members earn almost $7 per hour more then non-unionized workers, and that number increases to $7. 95 per hour for many women. They also state that 88. 5% of members receive benefits not related to wage, such as prescription drugs and dental plans, and that 92. 3% of large workplaces have pension plans, where as only 68. 4% of non-unionized workplaces have them. For small, non-unionized workplaces, 31. 1% offered health-related benefits, and only 12. 5% had pension plans. In small workplaces that were unionized, those numbers climb to 47. 6% and 34. % respectively (Canadian Labour Congress). However, due to global rivals in various fields of work operating at lower costs, Canadian unions have begun to implement two-tier wages; a technique that was used in the 1980s and 1990s. It involves workers under new contracts to start a lower wages then previously contracted members. New workers will be on par with existing workers after 10 ye ars, though some industries ââ¬â the auto manufacturing industry, for example ââ¬â have fought to ensure new workers never converge with current employees wages. It is believed such strategies will be common in the future (Globe and Mail, 2012). Conclusion Unions were extremely beneficial for workers when they were first introduced due to the bonuses they offered, increased wages, job security, and the effects such extras would have on the over all economy. In the current economy unions are viewed as unneeded, which has stemmed the decline in unionization rates and prevented the organizations from being as useful as they could be. Unions are facing struggles in the current economy, but despite such troubles they are still of use in the present because their impact reaches further then just their members, and helps to stabilize the economy. References Maple Leaf Web. History of Unions in Canada. Retrieved From: http://www. mapleleafweb. com/old/education/spotlight/issue_51/history. html United Food and Commercial Workers Canada (UFCW). Facts About Unions. Retrieved from: http://www. ufcw. ca/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=29Itemid=49lang=en#link3 Canadian Labour Congress (CLC). Union Advantage. Retrieved from: http://www. canadianlabour. ca/about-clc/union-advantage Canadian Broadcast Corporation (CBC). (2012). Unions on Decline in Private Sector. Retrieved from: http://www. cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2012/09/02/unions-labour-canada-decline. html Class Net. History and Development of Unions in Canada. Retrieved from: https://classnet. wcdsb. ca/sec/StB/Gr12/History/law/Shared%20Documents/Labour%20Law/(A)HistoryandDevelopmentofUNIONSinCanada. pdf Mine Mill 598. (2009). Unionization Fact Sheet. Retrieved from: http://www. minemill598. com/PDF/editorials/UNIONIZATION_FactSheets_Sept2009. pdf Globe and Mail. (2012). Two-Tier Wage Scales on the Increase in Canada. How to cite Unions in Canada, Essay examples
Unions in Canada Free Essays
Abstract Unions have been struggling in Canadaââ¬â¢s current economy. The rate of workers joining unions is on a downward slide, noticeably so in the public sector, despite the fact the unions helped to stabilize and grow the economy in the past. Due to the current economic turmoil, unions have had to resort to strategies that will allow them to lower operating costs and compete with global competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Unions in Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although unions are facing difficulties, they are still of benefit to workers. History of Unions in Canada and their Effects on the Economy Unions have been apart of Canadian history since the early 1800ââ¬â¢s. Records show tradesmen in the Maritimes having unions during the war of 1812 despite such organizations not being legalized in Canada until 1872 (Maple Leaf Web). Approximately 31% of all workers in Canada belong to unions (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada)(Canadian Labour Congress). The public sector ââ¬â including schools, hospitals, and crown corporations ââ¬â have a unionization rate of 71%, while in the private sector the rate is 16% and falling (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 2012). Historians have credited the growth in Canadaââ¬â¢s middle-class to unions because they offered higher wages and job security, which allowed for members to have extra income to spend on commodities such houses, clothing, cars, etcetera. This increased the demand for those items, and helped grow and stabilize the economy (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada). Although unions were of benefit in the past, membership has been on a 30-year decline (Figure 1) and the usefulness of such organizations has come into question due to unionized workers pay and benefits lagging behind workers who are non-unionized (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 2012). This report will cover the history of unions in Canada, and their impact on the Canadian economy. The factors covered suggest that unions are still of benefit at the present. History of Unions in Canada The Canadian union movement was influenced by Britain and the United States (Class Net)(Maple Leaf Web). British tradesmen brought over the tradition of the organizations and caused several British unions to open branches in Canada. However, unions werenââ¬â¢t legalized in Canada until 1872 after the Toronto Printersââ¬â¢ Strike (workers were protesting for nine-hour work days), and the first national labour organization was the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada (TLC), which was formed in 1873 (Maple Leaf Web). Early legislation of unions was derived from the British structure, while the current legislation has been developed from post-World War 2 United States unions (Class Net). Members have historically been those in the trades ââ¬â electricians, miners, construction workers, etc -, nursing, teaching, journalism, artistic fields, and athletics (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada). Unions and the Economy In the past unions helped stabilize and grow the economy by decreasing the divide between rich and poor. In current economic times, unionization rates have fallen (Figure 1) causing the pay difference between unionized and non-unionized workers to grow (Figure 2) (Mine Mill 598). This has resulted in workers not having the excess income to spend to help the economy recover, or the money to pay extra taxes to support public services such as schools, roads, and health care. Despite this difference, United Food and Commercial Workers Canada (UFCW) has stated that even workers who have never belonged to a union have benefited by their existence, and that Canada is one of the top five most prosperous countries in the world because of them (United Food and Commercial Workers Canada). The Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) states that union members earn almost $7 per hour more then non-unionized workers, and that number increases to $7. 95 per hour for many women. They also state that 88. 5% of members receive benefits not related to wage, such as prescription drugs and dental plans, and that 92. 3% of large workplaces have pension plans, where as only 68. 4% of non-unionized workplaces have them. For small, non-unionized workplaces, 31. 1% offered health-related benefits, and only 12. 5% had pension plans. In small workplaces that were unionized, those numbers climb to 47. 6% and 34. % respectively (Canadian Labour Congress). However, due to global rivals in various fields of work operating at lower costs, Canadian unions have begun to implement two-tier wages; a technique that was used in the 1980s and 1990s. It involves workers under new contracts to start a lower wages then previously contracted members. New workers will be on par with existing workers after 10 ye ars, though some industries ââ¬â the auto manufacturing industry, for example ââ¬â have fought to ensure new workers never converge with current employees wages. It is believed such strategies will be common in the future (Globe and Mail, 2012). Conclusion Unions were extremely beneficial for workers when they were first introduced due to the bonuses they offered, increased wages, job security, and the effects such extras would have on the over all economy. In the current economy unions are viewed as unneeded, which has stemmed the decline in unionization rates and prevented the organizations from being as useful as they could be. Unions are facing struggles in the current economy, but despite such troubles they are still of use in the present because their impact reaches further then just their members, and helps to stabilize the economy. References Maple Leaf Web. History of Unions in Canada. Retrieved From: http://www. mapleleafweb. com/old/education/spotlight/issue_51/history. html United Food and Commercial Workers Canada (UFCW). Facts About Unions. Retrieved from: http://www. ufcw. ca/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=29Itemid=49lang=en#link3 Canadian Labour Congress (CLC). Union Advantage. Retrieved from: http://www. canadianlabour. ca/about-clc/union-advantage Canadian Broadcast Corporation (CBC). (2012). Unions on Decline in Private Sector. Retrieved from: http://www. cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2012/09/02/unions-labour-canada-decline. html Class Net. History and Development of Unions in Canada. Retrieved from: https://classnet. wcdsb. ca/sec/StB/Gr12/History/law/Shared%20Documents/Labour%20Law/(A)HistoryandDevelopmentofUNIONSinCanada. pdf Mine Mill 598. (2009). Unionization Fact Sheet. Retrieved from: http://www. minemill598. com/PDF/editorials/UNIONIZATION_FactSheets_Sept2009. pdf Globe and Mail. (2012). Two-Tier Wage Scales on the Increase in Canada. How to cite Unions in Canada, Essay examples
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